Contents: Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. 2. Biodiversity characterization at landscape level using satellite remote sensing and geographic information system: i. Materials and methodology. ii. Ancillary data. iii. Vegetation cover type mapping. iv. Database creation in GIS. v. Landscape analysis. vi. Disturbance index. vii. Biological richness. viii. Observation highlights. ix. Analytical highlights. x. Results of landscape analysis. xi. Discussion and conclusion. 3. Flora of Punjab Shivaliks: 3A. Diversity of non-vascular plants in Punjab Shivaliks: i. Algae. ii. Fungi. iii. Lichens. iv. Bryophyta. 3B. Diversity of vascular plants in Punjab Shivaliks: i. Pteridophyta. ii. Gymnosperms. iii. Angiosperms. 4. Fauna of Punjab Shivaliks: i. Nemathelminthes. ii. Annelida. iii. Arthropoda. iv. Mollusca. v. Vertebrata. 5. Rare flora and threatened fauna of Punjab Shivaliks. 6. Time to think. References.