Contents: 1. Introduction of vegetable breeding. 2. Selection- a simple and effective method of vegetable improvement programme. 3. Conventional plant breeding approaches. 4. Heterosis breeding. 5. Mutation and polyploidy breeding. 6. Ideotype breeding. 7. Steps towards release of new varieties. 8. Advances in breeding of potato. 9. Fruit vegetables. 10. Advances in breeding of leguminous vegetables. 11. Advances in breeding of cucurbits. 12. Advances in breeding of cole crops. 13. Advances in breeding of root and bulb crops. 14. Advances in breeding of tuber crops. 15. Advances in breeding of leafy vegetables. 16. Breeding of vegetable crops against insect pests. 17. Breeding of vegetable crops for diseases resistance.