Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Vols. I-III

Contents: Acknowledgements. Introduction. Vol. I. 1. Indus civilization. 2. Gupta Temples (c.450-550 A.D.). 3. South Kosala Temples (Post-Gupta period (c.550-750 A.D.). 4. Temples of Kashmir (c. 600 to 1100 A.D.). 5. Temples of Himachal Pradesh (c. 680 to 700 A.D.). 6. Great temples of Elephanta Trimurti, Mamallapuram and Kailasa. 7. Kailasanath Temples: Kailash Temple Ellora, Virupaksha Pattadakal. Kailasnath Temple Kanchipuram. 8. Early Chalukyan Temples : Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal (c. 600 to 700 A.D.). 9. Temples of Vikrama of Gangas, Talakad (c. 635-650 A.D.). 10. Rastrakuta Temples (c. 757-973 A.D.). 11. Temples of Chalukyas of Kalyana (c. 973-1198 A.D.). 12. Other temples of Chalykyan style.

Vol. II. 13. Temples of Hoysalas (c. 1000-1346 A.D.). 14. Chalukyan Temples of Andhradesa (Northern Style) (c. 1000-1346 A.D.). 15. Pallava Temples. 16. Chola Temples (c. 900 to 1150 A.D.); Other Temples of Chola Period. 17. Temples of Pandyas (c. 1150 to 1350 A.D.). 18. Madura Temples (c. 1600 to 1750 A.D.). 19. Temples of Orissa (c. 800 to 1200 A.D.). 20. Temples of Central India (c. 900 to 1100 A.D.). 21. Pratihara Temples of Central India (c. 806-900 A.D.). 22. Siddhesvara Mahadeva Temple, Nemawar (M.P.). 23. Central and North Indian Temples. 24. Recently discovered Paramara Temple of Chandel (M.P.). 25. Temples of Rajasthan. 26. Temples of Gujarat.

Vol. III. 27. Jaina Temples of North India. 28. Jaina Temples of South India. 29. Other South Indian Temples (Jaina style). 30. Hindu and Jaina rock cut temples. 31. Vijayanagara Temples of Hampi (c. 1342 to 1570). 32. Lepaksi Temple. 33. Ramappa, Ramalingesvara and Venkataramana Temples (Vijayanagara Period). 34. Kakatiya Temples in Andhradesa. 35. Trikuta Temples at Nagulapadu (Kakatiyan time). 36. Temple of Srisailam. 37. Sri Venkateswara Temple, Tirupati. 38. Somesvara Temples, Appikonda (A.P.). 39. Temples of Surpura Samsthana (Karnataka). 40. Brahmanical temples of Bengal (c. 800 to 1700 A.D.). 41. Maratha Temples. 42. Religious Funerary Temples, Nagpur. 43. Hindu temple monasteries of Paithan. 44. Golden temple, Amritsar, Punjab. 45. Religious temples of Varanasi and other temples. Appendix: Graphical explanation of architectural terms. Bibliography. Index.

The ‘Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture’ comprises a vast research on the architectural features of Indian temples spread all over the Indian subcontinent. This encyclopaedic study is divided into forty-five chapters which delineate the various characteristics of temple architecture starting from the Gupta period (4th c.A.D.) to the Kashi Vi„vanÈtha temple rebuilt by Rani Ahilyabai of Indore (1776 A.D.). The work begins with an insight into the Indus Civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley region (now in Pakistan) with the two most important sites of Mohanjo-daro and Harappa revealing a marked degree of controlled urban planning. As for the temple architecture, the Imperial Guptas had established their sovereignty over almost the whole of Northern India and the regular building of structural temples in brick and dressed stone started in their regnal period. The period under their immediate patronage fully deserves the name ‘The Golden Age’ of Indian art and culture as aesthetic principles of architecture, sculpture and painting were formulated in their region. The Hindu temples evolved during that period with the basic features of the cella, the mandapa and the vestibule. The temples of Post-Gupta period studied here indicate that most of the characteristic features of north Indian temple architecture, including the curvilinear superstructure (sikhara) and the repeated motifs extending from the niches of the wall had been developed. The beautiful architecture of the valley of Kashmir cannot be denied. The great temple of Elephanta is formed of a species of hard trap-rock about 4.5 miles in circumference. The shore-temple at Mammallapuram and the temple of Kailasa is the most sublime monument at Ellora. The Chalukyas of Badami (500-757 A.D.) laid the foundation of stone architecture in Karnataka in the towns of Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal. The Pattadakal is known as ‘cradle of temple’. The other dynasty rulers followed their different style, and named their own style as Chalukyan style, Rastrakuta style, Hoysala style and Vijayanagara style. The Rastrakutas of Malkhand (757-763 A.D.) were enlightened rulers and their period witnessed a steady increase in the construction of Kalyna (973-1198 A.D.) contributed hundreds of temple of Siva, Visnu and good number of Jinalayas of architectural eminence. The Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra (1000-1346 A.D.) constructed more than hundred temples and basadis. The Pallava rulers (600-900 A. D.) were responsible for patronage of extensive rock-cut works at the seaport city of Mamallapuram. The rock-cut temples known as the five rathas reveal the rich variety of south Asian architecture. The Cholas became chief power after Pallavas and built magnificent temples. The Pandyas (1150-1350 A.D.) gained supremacy in the south when the Chola dynasty collapsed in the 13th century. The book shows that there was tremendous progress in traditional temple styles as witnessed from Orissan temples (800-1200 A.D.). The temples of central India evolved from the northern NÈgara type (6th cen.) to distinctive central India style (8th cen.). The construction of temples proliferated in Rajasthan simultaneously with Orissa and central India but Muslim invaders mutilated them beyond repairs. Gujarat temple architecture developed in richest temple building in North India under the Solanki dynasty. Jaina temples spread in South India are detailed. The book explores the Hindu and Jaina rock-cut temples, which came in effect under the patronage of Chalukyas and the succeeding Rastrakutas and the contemporary Pallavas. An outline of the Vijayanagara temples at Lepaksi is a notable example of the Vijayanagara style of architecture. The book further deals with the architectural style of the Kakatiya temples of Andhradesa. Besides the study of various temples of south India, the book focuses on the Brahmanical temple of Bengal. The building of Maratha temple was discouraged under Muslim rule for a period of three centuries. However, the religious and funerary temple of Nagpur were greatly favoured under Sivaji. The ancient city of Pratishan on the bank of the river Godavari is remarkable for the Hindu temple and monasteries. At last the book deals with the Golden Temple at Amritsar and the religious temples of Varanasi and other temples. The work is further embellished with the inclusion of about 300 coloured plates beautifully printed on art paper and enriched with about 450 plans of the different temples.