Kalikrama and Abhinavagupta: The Epistemological Ethos of a Tantric Tradition

Contents: Preface. 1. Approaching the Core Theme. 2. Succession as the Central Problem of Philosophy. 3. Krama Reality as Kalo. 4. Abhinavagupta as Pramana-Purusa: The Foremost Systematizer of Krama. 5. Abhinavagupta’s Kramification of Trika Thought. 6. Epistemology of Internalization. 7. Abhinavagupta’s Kramification of the Tantric Lore: Revisiting His Paramarthasara. 8. Summing Up. Bibliography. Index.

The Krama School of the Trika Saivism of Kashmir, more familiar as Kalikrama in the contemporary parlance, has turned out to be the most crucial among the monistic Saiva traditions of medieval Kashmir after the Pratyabhijna school, a scenario people could hardly envisage six decades back when it first came to the notice of modern scholarship. The doctrine of Kalikrama, lit. sequential order of consciousness deities called Kalis, constitutes the most pivotal aspect of this school marked by a synchronous resonance between the esoteric/Tantric and cognitive/metaphysical undercurrents of the system.

In order to delve deeper into the doctrine of Kalikrama the present monograph does some loud thinking in three important areas: (a) the role of cognitivization in the ultimate realization; (b) the theoretical background of the mystical experience built around the consciousness deity(ies); and (c) the inconclusiveness of the hidden meaning posing an epistemological barrier in the study of an esoteric Tantric tradition. In all these areas one cannot miss the imprints of Abhinavagupta’s profound contribution. As such, the present study journeys into three directions: (1) a short genealogy of modern Krama studies; (2) the epistemology of the esoteric internalization embodied in the doctrine of Kalikrama; and (3) the role played by Abhinavagupta as its foremost architect. As such, the present study needs be construed as a small step towards discovering the intrinsic epistemological ethos of an esoteric Tantric tradition.