The Cell

Contents: 1. Cell, Cell Theory, Molecular Biology: Historical Development. 2. Cell Types and Diversity. 3. Chemistry of Cell. 4. Nucleic Acids: DNA. 5. Organic Components Nucleic Acids: RNA. 6. Cell Membrane Structure and Functions. 7. The Cell Surface and Cellular Interactions. 8. The Cytoskeleton. 9. Mitochondria and Cell Energetics. 10. Plastids and Chloroplasts. 11. Endoplasmic Reticulum. 12. Golgi Complex. 13. Lysosomes. 14. Ribosomes. 15. Centrioles. 16. Interphase Nucleus. 17. Prokaryotics Chromosomes, Plasmids, Cosmid is Elements, Transpones and Retroelements. 18. Eukaryotic Chromosome.

The word cell comes form the Latin cellula, meaning a small room. The cell is the functional basic unit of life. It was discovered by Robert Hooke and is the functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life. Some organisms, such as most bacteria are unicellular (consist of a single cell). Other organisms, such as humans, are multicellular, Human have about 100 trillion or 1014 cells; a typical cell size is 10 and a typical cell mass is 1 nanogram. With the advancement in the field of molecular biology, biotechnology, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, instrumentation, etc. new advancement took place providing new dimentions in the field of cell biology.